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Kids by Age · 4–6 years

Early school

School, friendships and the first real world outside your house.

What's happening at this age

  • Starting school
  • Friendship groups forming
  • Rapid literacy and numeracy growth

What they need from you

  • Routine and sleep
  • Encouragement over pressure
  • Someone who notices effort

What to teach now

  • Reading together
  • Kindness and turn-taking
  • Road safety
  • Swimming

How to communicate

  • Ask specific questions, not 'how was school'
  • Talk while doing something else
  • Take their worries seriously

What to do together

  • Bike riding
  • Swimming
  • Simple cooking
  • Board games

What to watch for

  • School anxiety
  • Sleep problems
  • Comparison to siblings

How to strengthen the relationship

  • A weekly one-to-one outing
  • Show up at school events
  • Learn their friends' names

How to build independence

  • Dressing themselves
  • Packing their own bag
  • Small household jobs

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